Acute Laryngitis
- This is the most common cause of hoarseness and voice loss that starts suddenly
- Most cases are due to viral infection although less commonly bacterial and other infections may be the cause
- The best treatment for this condition is to stay well hydrated and to rest or reduce your voice use, to avoid serious injury to the vocal cords
- Sinus viruses are mostly responsible, antibiotics are not generally effective
- Bacterial infections of the larynx are rare, and often are associated with difficulty breathing. Any breathing problems during an illness warrants emergency evaluation
Chronic laryngitis
Chronic laryngitis is caused by a variety of conditions, which include:
- Acid reflux disease
- Exposure to irritants such as smoke, fumes, perfumes etc
- Low grade infections such as fungal infections of the vocal cords in people using inhalers for asthma, chemotherapy patients or others whose immune system is compromised
Voice misuse and overuse
Speaking is a complex process that requires coordination of breathing with the use of several muscle groups. Excessively loud, prolonged, and/or inefficient voice use can lead to vocal difficulties, just like improper lifting can lead to back injuries.
Voice misuse and overuse increases the risk of developing benign vocal cord problems such as:
- Nodules on vocal cords (also known as singer’s nodules)
- Polyps on vocal cords
- Cysts on the vocal cords
- Bleeding into the vocal cords
All these are treated with voice rest, hydration and voice therapy to prevent ongoing problems.
